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There is little in the way of film censorship in Ireland. Ireland's Film Censors Office, renamed in 2008 as the Irish Film Classification Office, heavily cut films and videos for rental release, or placed high age ratings on them. Since the release of ''Michael Collins'' in 1996, which was initially rated PG (before being upgraded to 12 for DVD), and despite its depictions of extreme violence, the censors office has reduced age ratings in general and rarely cuts films. Ratings usually match those of the UK, or are one level higher or lower. In 2000 ''The Cider House Rules'' received an 18 certificate in Ireland due to its themes of abortion and incest, despite the fact that in UK the film received a 12 certificate. In a similar case in 2008, ''Frost/Nixon'' received a PG certificate in Ireland but a 15 certificate in the UK due to four uses of strong language and use of archive war footage. ==Film ratings== Eight film rating categories exist, although a film may have been re-rated by the time of its video/DVD release. There are 3 former categories no longer in use: * 12RA, which cannot be supplied to anyone under the age of 12, and which has a suggestion for a "Responsible Adult" to be present if a younger person watches the film (no longer issued) * 12PG, which is the same as today's 12A. First issued in 2001 and renamed 12A in 2005. ''Pearl Harbor'' was the first film to be issued with a 12PG certificate. * 15PG, which is the same as today's 15A. First issued in 2001 and renamed 15A in 2005. The G, PG and 18 certifications have the same principles on video, but some 18s films may be denied a video release certificate. Films which are banned and do not have an appeal lodged, or which fail on appeal, have an enforcement noticed published in Iris Oifigiúil, the state's journal. The most recent enforcement notice, , appeared in the 20 September 2005 journal, and was the first of the year. Revocation notices are also published in the journal, where a film has been banned and then allowed. The 2010 DVD release of the 1978 film "I Spit on Your Grave" is the most recent instance of an IFCO ban. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Film censorship in the Republic of Ireland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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